What is idra-21?

Mar 22, 2022

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Idra-21 is an organic compound developed in the 1990s. Structurally, it is a derivative of benzothiadiazole. Its molecules exist in the form of two optical isomers. Their difference lies not only in their ability to distort polarized light but also in their pharmacological properties. Only ( plus ) - Idra-21 enantiomers have been shown to show biological activity.

IDRA-21 belongs to a group of nootropic compounds. It acts as a modulator of AMPA glutaminergic receptor, thanks to which it supports cognitive abilities such as memory, motivation to act, or concentration.

IDRA-21 is a compound obtained by laboratory synthesis.

How does IDRA-21 work?

Effects on neurotransmission.

IDRA-21 acts as a positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulator. By attaching to it outside the site of binding of the primary ligand, it helps to increase its activity, strengthening the effect of stimulating the receptor and preventing its desensitization. In the central nervous system, glutamate acts as the main stimulant neurotransmitter. It is essential for the proper course of numerous cognitive processes, including learning and assimilation of new information.

Cognitive effects.

The results of numerous studies confirmed the effectiveness of IDRA-21 as a factor in improving cognitive abilities. Tests conducted in rats showed that their oral intake significantly improved the performance of animals in passive avoidance and water labyrinth tests, which was not observed with placebo. In the same experiment, cognitive capacity was reduced in rats by administering alprazolam (a compound from the benzodiazepines group – positive allosteric GABA-A receptor modulators) and scopolamine (a competitive acetylcholine muscarine receptor antagonist). IDRA-21 has also been shown to be 20-30 times stronger than aniracetam.

Similar results were obtained by subjecting rats to an object recognition test, which measures the efficiency of episodic memory in rodents based on their response to known and new objects 24 hours after first exposure. Administration of IDRA-21 one hour before each test session significantly improved recognition of previously seen objects, and the best results were obtained when rats took this compound both before the presentation and before attempting to recognize the object. No tolerance to repeated administration of IDRA-21 has been observed.

IDRA-21 has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the central nervous system in primates. In one test, two ore patas monkeys were given alprazolam, which significantly worsened learning performance. However, this effect was eliminated when monkeys received aniracetam (30 mg/kg body weight dose) or IDRA-21 (3 and 5.6 mg/kg body weight dose) an hour before this benzodiazepine.

In another experiment, with the participation of requires from 7 to 27 years old, monkeys were taught to press a button corresponding to the color of the presented image. The time between viewing and pressing the button was a measure of cognitive ability. In younger animals (average age of about 10 years), IDRA-21 at a dose of 0.15-10 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant reduction in this period compared to placebo. This effect lasted up to 48 hours. In the group of aging monkeys (over 20-year-old) whose button delay was higher than younger individuals, IDRA-21 also proved effective, although the effects were slightly smaller.

The effects of IDRA-21 were also compared with huperzine A, an acetylquinesterase inhibitor (an enzyme that inactivates acetylcholine). For this purpose, several objects were presented to macaques, which were then covered for a period of 10–90 seconds. Then the items were presented again, but they were accompanied by a new one. The task of the monkeys was to point him out, for which they were rewarded with a portion of food. Administration of huperzine A helped to improve the results of those individuals who did less well with the test, but not those who achieved the best results – in this case, the opposite effect was observed. In contrast, IDRA-21 significantly improved performance, especially in animals whose initial results were worse.

Effects on long-term synaptic enhancement

The results of scientific analyses confirmed that IDRA-21 contributes to the stimulation of long-term synaptic enhancement (LTP) within hippocampal neurons. This phenomenon is the basis of neuroplasticity – the formation of new connections between nerve cells as a result of their multiple simultaneous stimulations. Therefore, it is crucial for the process of acquiring information and acquiring new skills.

Mood effects

The results of numerous scientific studies show that chemicals enhancing the activity of AMPA receptors have antidepressant activity. Tests with rodents showed that they have similar potential to the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. This is confirmed by the fact that the use of AMPA receptor antagonists eliminates the beneficial effects obtained by administering its positive allosteric modulators, probably due to the ability of these compounds to stimulate the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), whose level is often lowered in the course of depression.

How is IDRA-21 used?

Dosage

During supplementation, doses ranging from 5 to 25 mg per day are most often used. It is best to use IDRA-21 without food, in the morning. Due to the fact that the effects persist up to 48 hours, this compound is well suited for occasional supplementation, not more often than 3-4 times a week.

Merge

In order to further support memory, concentration, and learning ability, IDRA-21 can be taken together with:

huperzin A (Huperzia serrata)

Forskolin (Coleus forskohlii)

choline (choline divalent, alpha-GPC, CDP-choline)

oxyracetam

To increase the beneficial effect of IDRA-21 on mood, it can be combined with:

NSI-189

aniracetam

taurine

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)

Adverse interactions and side effects