Progesterone, abbreviated as P4, also known as Pregnancy-4-ene-3,20-dione, is an endogenous steroid and progesterone hormone, and the main progestin in the body, secreted by the ovaries of women. Progesterone is a steroid hormone containing 21 carbon atoms secreted by ovarian corpus luteum cells. It is also an intermediate product in the synthesis of all steroid hormones, it is a type of estrogen. has two crystal forms, namely - type and - type, which have the same physiological activity. The - type is an orthorhombic white prismatic crystal, and the - type is an orthorhombic white needle shaped crystal, both of which are insoluble in water.
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| 57-83-0 | ||
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C21H30O2 |
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| 314.46 | ||
| 200-350-6 | ||
| 128-132 ℃ (lit.) | ||
| d23 1.166; d20 1.171 |
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1. Progesterone can maintain pregnancy in female animals and cause a series of physiological changes in pregnant animals, such as inhibiting female estrus. 2. Promote thickening of the uterine mucosal layer, increase in glandular curvature, and enhancement of secretion function. 3. Inhibit uterine peristalsis, cause cervical contractions, and secrete viscous fluids. These physiological changes provide suitable environmental conditions for the operation, growth and development, implantation of early embryos, and the continued growth of fetuses after implantation. .If you need it, pls click e-mail sales1@faithfulbio.com |
4. A small amount of progesterone synergizes with estrogen to promote estrus in female animals. Progesterone and prolactin work together to promote the development of breast glands.
5. Progesterone participates in the feedback regulation of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland, coordinating and balancing the secretion of reproductive hormones in animals.
micronized progesterone powder can be used for habitual miscarriage, threatened miscarriage, functional uterine bleeding, blood clots, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, amenorrhea, and ureteral stones. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, sleep apnea syndrome, and refractory liver cirrhosis ascites, etc
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97.0%~103.0% |
99.40% |
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Infrared absoption (197K) |
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Ultraviolet absorption (197U) |
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Melting range(741) |
Between 126℃ and 131℃ |
129~131℃ |
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Specific rotation(781S) |
Between +175℃ and +183℃ |
+179℃ |
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Loss on drying (731) |
0.5% Max |
0.22% |
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Any impurity: 0.5% max |
0.31% |
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Total impurities: 0.8% max |
0.50% |
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Methanol: 500ppm max |
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Ethanol: 2000ppm max |
339ppm |
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Toluene: 300ppm max |
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Cyclohexanone: 50ppm max |
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90% pass20μm |
In mammals, progesterone, like all other steroid hormones, is synthesized from pregnenolone, which itself is derived from cholesterol.
Cholesterol undergoes double oxidation to produce 22R-hydroxycholesterol and then 20 ,22R-dihydroxycholesterol. This vicinal diol is then further oxidized with loss of the side chain starting at position C22 to produce pregnenolone. This reaction is catalyzed by cytochrome P450scc.
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The conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone takes place in two steps. First, the 3 -hydroxyl group is oxidized to a keto group and second, the double bond is moved to C4, from C5 through a keto/enol tautomerization reaction.This reaction is catalyzed by 3 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/δ5-4-isomerase. in turn is the precursor of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, and after conversion to 17 -hydroxyprogesterone, of androstenedione. Androstenedione can be converted to estrone, and estradiol |
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The synthesis begins with reacting the phosphonium salt 7 with phenyl lithium to produce the phosphonium ylide 8. The ylide 8 is reacted with an aldehyde to produce the alkene 9. The ketal protecting groups of 9 are hydrolyzed to produce the diketone 10, which in turn is cyclized to form the cyclopentenone 11. The ketone of 11 is reacted with methyl lithium to yield the tertiary alcohol 12, which in turn is treated with acid to produce the tertiary cation 13. The key step of the synthesis is the π-cation cyclization of 13 in which the B-, C-, and D-rings of the steroid are simultaneously formed to produce 14. This step resembles the cationic cyclization reaction used in the biosynthesis of steroids and hence is referred to as biomimetic. In the next step the enol orthoester is hydrolyzed to produce the ketone 15. The cyclopentene A-ring is then opened by oxidizing with ozone to produce 16. Finally, the diketone 17 undergoes an intramolecular aldol condensation by treating with aqueous potassium hydroxide to produce micronized progesterone powder. |
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3-7 days |
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Suitable for under 50kg. |
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7-15 days |
Suitable for more than 50kg. |
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15-60 days |
Suitable for more than 500kg. |
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